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Termites are known to take pollen and regularly visit flowers,177 so are considered as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging workers, and it is perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177

Many plants have developed effective defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they've passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This lowers the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When retained near the infusion, they get disoriented and eventually die.181.

Termite populations can be substantially impacted by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 sites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the three sites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.

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The wood-feeders were the most severely affected feeding team. .

A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which can be constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main classes: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are made from ground and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

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To construct their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and dirt, used in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical forests are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are great examples of subterranean nest contractors, as they only dwell inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made from carton are especially weak, and thus the inhabitants utilize counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in Recommended Site lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the gut of the termites: they use their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

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Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form numerous nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

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Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can offer protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

For example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels used as strong points, since the diameter of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to block.192 A highly protected chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is used as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complex structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds sometimes have elaborate and distinctive forms, such as the ones of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented about northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

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