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Termites are known to take pollen and regularly visit blossoms,177 are regarded as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging employees, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have developed powerful defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they've passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This lowers the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When kept close to the extract, they get disoriented and eventually die.181.
Termite populations can be substantially impacted by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of three websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the three sites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most badly affected feeding team. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which can be constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main classes: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are created from earth and sand.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.
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To build their nests, termites primarily use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical forests are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only reside inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds shield the termites' delicate bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and thus the inhabitants use counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial illness in the gut of the termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can anonymous provide protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
For example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, since the diameter of the tunnels is little enough for troops to block.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and can be used as a last line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8Â feet) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive forms, like those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.